Python's math Module

The math module in Python provides a wide range of mathematical functions and constants. Here are some methods and functionality of the math module along with examples:

1. Basic Mathematical Functions:

math.sqrt(x): Return the square root of x.

math.pow(x, y): Return x raised to the power of y.

math.exp(x): Return e raised to the power of x.

import math
result = math.sqrt(16)

print("Square Root:", result)
result = math.pow(2, 3)

print("2 raised to the power of 3:", result)
result = math.exp(2)

print("e raised to the power of 2:", result)

2. Trigonometric Functions:

math.sin(x), math.cos(x), math.tan(x): Trigonometric functions for sine, cosine, and tangent, respectively.

math.radians(x), math.degrees(x): Convert between radians and degrees.

import math
angle = math.radians(45)

sine_value = math.sin(angle)

print("Sine of 45 degrees:", sine_value)

3. Mathematical Constants:

math.pi: The mathematical constant pi (π).

math.e: The mathematical constant e.

import math

print("Value of pi:", math.pi)
print("Value of e:", math.e)

4. Logarithmic Functions:

math.log(x[, base]): Return the natural logarithm of x. Optionally, specify a base for the logarithm.

import math

result = math.log(10)
print("Natural Logarithm of 10:", result)

result = math.log(100, 10)
print("Base-10 Logarithm of 100:", result)

5. Rounding and Ceiling/Floor Functions:

math.ceil(x): Return the smallest integer greater than or equal to x.

math.floor(x): Return the largest integer less than or equal to x.

math.trunc(x): Return the integer value of x (truncate decimal part).

import math

ceil_value = math.ceil(4.3)
print("Ceil(4.3):", ceil_value)

floor_value = math.floor(4.7)
print("Floor(4.7):", floor_value)

trunc_value = math.trunc(5.9)
print("Trunc(5.9):", trunc_value)

6. Other Functions:

math.factorial(x): Return the factorial of x.

math.gcd(a, b): Return the greatest common divisor of two integers a and b.

import math
factorial = math.factorial(5)

print("Factorial of 5:", factorial)
gcd_value = math.gcd(24, 36)

print("GCD of 24 and 36:", gcd_value)

These are some of the methods and functionality provided by the math module in Python. It's a powerful tool for performing mathematical calculations in your Python scripts.